![]() From 432 soldiers who sought medical care and presented with gastroenteritis, stool samples were collected and examined for numerous enteropathogens, as described below and summarized in Table 4.1. ![]() Hyams and colleagues collected clinical and epidemiologic data from male US troops stationed in northeastern Saudi Arabia to determine the causes and prevalence of diarrheal disease among the troops, risk factors for diarrheal disease in the field, and the effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments (Hyams et al. Finally, a new policy purveyed by the DOD restricts the publication of some kinds of medical information that enemy combatants could use to gain an advantage over US troops (Department of the Army 2005b). In addition, field commanders may be reluctant to report illnesses perceived as trivial (such as vomiting and diarrhea) even when an outbreak of disease interferes with military operations (Matson 2005). Military medical investigators’ primary mission is to apply their findings to maintain troops’ health and they might not always publish summary reports in medical journals. Smaller numbers of military personnel have had various insect-borne diseases, nosocomial infections, brucellosis, chickenpox, meningococcal disease, and Q fever.Įven this chapter’s comprehensive review of public documents may not capture the full burden of infectious disease on US troops who have served in southwest and south-central Asia. Thriving on the troops’ crowded and sometimes unsanitary living conditions, microbial pathogens have caused primarily diarrheal illnesses and acute upper respiratory infections during ODSt, ODSh, OEF, and OIF (Hyams et al. In Chapter 5, the committee evaluates the published scientific literature about the possible long-term adverse health outcomes of nine of the diseases discussed in this chapter. ![]() That information comes from several sources, including published scientific literature, medical surveillance monthly reports published by the Army Medical Surveillance Activity, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and infectious disease experts at the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs. This chapter summarizes information about the infectious diseases and pathogens identified in US troops who served or are serving in ODSh, ODSt, OIF, or OEF. Although medical and epidemiologic personnel in the US military can anticipate troops’ exposure to many pathogens and mitigate their effects, naturally-occurring pathogens infected some troops during these operations. Infectious diseases have accompanied war throughout recorded history the clinical aspects of Operation Desert Shield (ODSh), Operation Desert Storm (ODSt), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) have been no different. INFECTIOUS DISEASES DIAGNOSED IN US TROOPS WHO SERVED IN THE PERSIAN GULF WAR, OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, OR OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM
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